This handout photo provided by Darryl Pitt of the Macovich Collection shows an external …
This handout photo provided by Darryl Pitt of the Macovich Collection shows a view …
WASHINGTON
(AP) — Scientists are confirming a recent and rare invasion from Mars:
meteorite chunks from the red planet that fell in Morocco last July.
This is only the fifth time scientists have confirmed chemically Martian meteorites
that people witnessed as they fell. The fireball was spotted in the sky
six months ago, but the rocks were not discovered on the ground in
North Africa until the end of December.
This is an important and unique opportunity for scientists trying to learn about Mars' potential for life. So far, no NASA
or Russian spacecraft has returned bits of Mars, so the only Martian
samples scientists can examine are those that come here in meteorite
showers.
Scientists and
collectors of meteorites are ecstatic, and already the rocks are
fetching big money because they are among the rarest things on Earth,
rarer even than gold.
A special committee of meteorite experts, including some NASA scientists,
confirmed the test results Tuesday. They certified that 15 pounds (7
kilograms) of meteorite recently collected came from Mars. The biggest
rock weighs more than 2 pounds (1 kilogram).
Astronomers think
millions of years ago something big smashed into Mars and sent rocks
hurtling through the solar system. After a long journey through space,
one of those rocks plunged through Earth's atmosphere, splitting into
smaller pieces.Most other Martian meteorite samples sat around on Earth for millions of years, or at the very least for decades, before they were discovered, which makes them tainted with Earth materials and life. These new rocks, while still probably contaminated because they have been on Earth for months, are purer.
The last time a Martian meteorite fell and was found fresh was in 1962. All the known Martian rocks on Earth add up to less than 240 pounds (110 kilograms).
The
new samples were scooped up by dealers from those who found them. Even
before the official certification, scientists at NASA, museums and
universities scrambled to buy or trade these meteorites.
"It's
a free sample from Mars. That's what these are, except you have to pay
the dealers for it," said University of Alberta meteorite expert Chris Herd, who heads the committee that certified the discovery.
He already has bought a chunk of meteorite and said he was thrilled just to hold it, calling the rock "really spectacular."One of the crucial decisions the scientists made Tuesday was to connect these rocks officially to the fiery plunge witnessed by people and captured on video last summer. The announcement and the naming of these meteorites — called Tissint — came from the International Society for Meteoritics and Planetary Science, which is the official group of 950 scientists that confirms and names meteorites.
Meteorite dealer Darryl Pitt, who sold a chunk to Herd, said he charges $11,000 to $22,500 an ounce and has sold most of his supply already. At that price, the new Martian rock costs about 10 times more than gold.
"It's scientifically invaluable," Herd said. "These are really beautiful specimens. It's a rare type, so fresh and aesthetically pleasing."
Several
of the world's top experts in meteorites, including those who work for
NASA, told The Associated Press that they were sure this was a piece of
Mars. Tony Irving
of the University of Washington is the scientist who did the scientific
analysis on the rocks and said there is no doubt that they are from the
red planet.
Scientists can
tell when meteorites are from Mars because they know what the Martian
atmosphere is made of, thanks to numerous probes sent there. The
chemical signature of the rocks and the Martian air match, Irving said.
Another clue is that because planets like Mars are more geologically
active, its rocks tend to be much younger — millions of years old
instead of hundreds of millions or more — than those from the moon or
asteroids.
Most of the Martian rocks on Earth have been around for
centuries or longer and have been found in Antarctica or the desert.
They look so similar to dark Earth rocks that if they fell in other
places, such as Maryland, they would blend right in and never be
discovered, Irving said.
Jeff Grossman, a NASA scientist who is the Meteoritical Society's
database editor, said there is a higher probability of finding
"something interesting" from Mars on these rocks because they fell so
recently. However, six months is a long time for Earthly contamination
to take root, he said.
Herd said the first thing he would do with
the rocks would be to rinse them with solvents to try to get rid of
earthly contamination and see what carbon-based compounds are left.
A
Martian meteorite that was buried in Antarctica made news in 1996. NASA
scientists theorized that the rock, found in 1984, showed signs of
traces of life from Mars, fossils of what seemed to be lifelong forms.
Even the White House made an announcement about it as the first sign of
life outside of Earth.
Years of study since then have led much of the astronomy world to
conclude that there was not enough evidence to support the claim.
Because
known Martian meteorite falls happen only once every 50 years or so —
1815 in France, 1865 in India, 1911 in Egypt and 1962 in Nigeria — this
is a once-in-a-career or even one-in-a-lifetime event.
"It's
incredibly fresh. It's highly valuable for that reason," said Carl
Agee, director of the Institute of Meteoritics and curator at the
University of New Mexico. "For someone who knows their Martian, this is a
beauty. It's gorgeous."
___
Online:
The Meteoritical Society: http://bit.ly/xDh6zz
Tony Irving's list of Martian meteorites: http://bit.ly/yl7jBD
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